Since the 1970s with the introduction of the first reliable drug test and full-scale testing of athletes at the Summer Olympics in Munich, identifying dopers and imposing sanctions has evolved from traditional urine and blood tests to include proactive investigative techniques.
With the support of a dedicated anti-doping community that includes athletes, fans, coaches, governments, and law enforcement, WADA has been able to introduce innovative anti-doping regulations, allowing anti-doping organisations to apply sanctions in cases where there is no positive doping sample, yet where there is still evidence that a doping violation has occurred.